In-depth technical articles on instrumentation, measurement uncertainty, NABL/ISO 17025, and laboratory best practices — written by practitioners.
The Seebeck effect is the principle behind thermocouples. It explains how two dissimilar metals generate a small voltage when their junctions are kept at different temperatures. This article explains the working principle, formula, example, hot and cold junctions, cold junction compensation, applications, advantages and limitations in simple terms.
Cold junction temperature compensation is essential for accurate thermocouple measurement. This article explains how thermocouples generate voltage, why the reference junction temperature affects the reading, and how modern instruments correct the measured value to display the true process temperature.
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